E-Business and E-Commerce

INTRODUCTION E-Business is important in future perspectives considering that the amount of trade conducted electronically have grown extraordinarily since the spread of the Internet. E-bussiness uses the internet and other networks as well as a variety of Internet technologies to support e-commerce and business processes. It includes e-commerce, which is the buying and selling of products or services over the Internet. The Internet and related technologies have changed the way businesses are operated and people work. I.E-BUSINESS A. What is it Many businesses today are using Internet technologies to conduct business processes over the Internet. E-business can be defined as the use of the Internet and other networks, as well as Internet technologies to work and facilitate business processes, electronic commerce and enterprise collaboration within a company and with its customers, suppliers and business partners. Generally, any online exchange of information, money, resources and servi ces is a part of e-business. B. E-business infrastructureE-business infrastructure made up of a variety of components. It includes hardware, softwares, support services, human capital and telecommunication networks. Examples of hardware are computers, servers and routers. Human capital, such as information system specialists and programmers, is important to operate e-business processes. In addition, many companies use networks such as intranet that is a private network inside a company for managers and employees, and extranet, which links a company with its customers, suppliers and business partners outside the company.Other companies use a virtual private network (VPN) which provides a private line through the internet. It uses the public Internet backbone as a channel for private data communication (3:20). Thus, a VPN allows remote offices, business partners and customers to use the Internet, rather than expensive private lines, to reach company networks by using tunneling softwar e. This software encrypts data and then sends the data to their destination. II. E-COMMERCE A. What is itE-commerce is the buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products, services and information over the Internet and other networks. Many businesses use the Internet, intranet and extranet to support the commercial processes including advertising, sales, customer support and Internet security. Most advertisements on the Web are in the form of sending e-mails and banner ads, which is in shape of a long horizontal rectangle on the top of the Web page (3:10). These advertisements could attract a huge number of visitors to the advertised Web site.E-commerce website must help customers to welcome and serve them personally and efficiently in order to increase customer loyalty. B. E-commerce advantages and disadvantages E commerce has several advantages. For sellers, e-commerce is an effective way to reduce costs and enlarge their markets. They cut additional labor cost and they do no t need to print and distribute mail order catalogs. In addition, e -commerce allows customers to compare prices at different websites.Then, they make purchases at their homes at any time. E-commerce websites offer variety of products for example electronic books, music files and computer softwares. However, e-commerce has some disadvantages. Consumers are not willing to buy some products over the Internet because of security and quality concerns. Online furniture businesses, for example, have failed because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item such as sofa before they purchase it (1:1).

Saving Normal

What is normal? Normal, like the word love, has no true definition and will differ with every person you ask. Defined in the dictionary normal is â€Å"to conform to a particular standard† or â€Å"desired pattern†. I believe most people will say a normal person is one whom is free from defect, handicap and mental illness. Metallization is a social process through which a previously normal human condition whether is be behavioral, physiological or emotional, becomes a medical problem in need of treatment.For example, not long ago being a shy person, â€Å"being reserved or having r showing nervousness or timidity in the company of other people†, was common and something most people experienced at some points in their lives. However, now shyness is out the realm of normal and made it's way into medical books. A shy person may now be one who is suffering from â€Å"avoiding personality disorder† or a number of other anxiety-relation mental disorders that has to be treated with antidepressants. In Saving Normal, Dry.Allen Frances argues that a high percentage of people diagnosed with mental illness are actually normal. This widespread metallization of normality is leading to over-treatment and over-medicating of mental health issues. The biggest health threat that we face may be our health-care system. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ADSM, has become the â€Å"bible† for physicists. It was first published in 1953 and since then has been revised several times. The ADSM is the go to guide for doctors, government and health insurers and also used in the law.Being the chair of the ADSM-IV task force, Allen Frances had the inside scoop on how the psychiatric community classified and defined mental disorders and illnesses. He then goes to explain how the newest edition of the ADSM causes people to be diagnosed and prescribed drugs when they actually don't need them. The ADSM-V has expanded criteria for diagno sis of certain mental or psychological conditions and added new conditions that redefine more people as having mental illness. Both of these issues lead to ‘normal' people being labeled as patients in need of pharmaceutical treatment.It is worrying that the decisions about ADSM-V categories are made by experts with financial ties to the industry that benefits most from a widened patient population. Having criteria that is too broad means that people who would do well without medication are being restricted drugs they don't need and may possibly be harmed by. The problems with over-treatment and over-diagnoses as they relate to mental health are alarming. For example, the widespread diagnoses of mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, is appalling.ADD used to be only diagnosed to a small percentage of children, but currently all matters of activeness and disruption a child shows in their classroo m is being initialized. Some kids, particularly boys, are by nature more active than other. Childhood has now become an illness, what now passes for ADD is nothing more than normal variation or developmental difference. Two-thirds or more of active kids who have been mislabel ADD suffer unnecessary stigma, reduced expectations and harmful side effects from the drugs they're on.Metallization has increased the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry. Before you sell a drug you have to sell an illness. Therefore pharmaceutical companies now not only market drugs, but also they market illnesses as well. As relating to ADD, the misleading marketing by drugs companies to push their pills plays a big role in kids being assailable and mistreated once parents or educators view these advertisements. The rate of ADD in the United States has tripled to an inflated 11%. While the sales of ADD medications are approaching a profit of $10 billion a year.As Frances believes the biggest person w ho is responsible for diagnostic inflation is Big Pharmacy.. As soon as the drug companies were able to direct to consumer marketing, advertisements now convinced people that they had some type of mental illness. This resulted in them asking their doctors, mostly primary care physicians who have little raining in psychology, about a variety of prescription drugs. The doctors, whom are easily influenced by the young, sales representatives, are given free samples from drug companies which further pushes the prescribing of expensive medications.Primary care doctors prescribe 80% of psychotropic drugs and as mentioned prior have little training and/or little interest in psychiatry; in addition they spend little time actually evaluating symptoms. A majority of these doctors tend to favor pill solutions and some even build their practice on becoming known for passing out restrictions for whatever the patients wants. A consequence of diagnostic inflation leads to an increased cost for unne cessary drugs and psychiatric treatment.Americans are now spending billions of dollars on psychiatric medications but according to Frances â€Å"We are ignoring the people who have severe psychiatric illness; so that, one-third of people with severe depression see a mental health clinician, two- thirds don't. Two-thirds of people with severe depression get no treatment at all. At the same time, we're way over-diagnosing people who have milder problems that would get better on their own. Diagnosis can cause more harm than good when not really needed. We are over-treating those who don't need treatment, while neglecting those who do.The ADSM-5 medicals things that happen in everyday life, which makes the pool of normal a small puddle. In ADSM-5 normal grief become â€Å"Major Depressive Disorder†; forgetfulness due to old age is â€Å"Mild Unrecognized Disorder†; temper tantrums are â€Å"Disruptive Mood Desegregation Disorder†; gluttony is â€Å"Binge eatingâ⠂¬  and the symptoms for adult ADD most adults will qualify for. As many people are told they are sick, fewer people are being told they are well. This causes an epidemic of diagnoses and creates the impression we live in a sick society.Metallization may lead people to mistakenly believe that they should feel normal all the time despite the life stresses, worries or disappointments they may be going through. This may cause them to think that they have some type of mental illness that needs treatment when they are Just experiencing regular events or feelings that may people have. While these â€Å"normal† people are given ample treatment, this leaves those in actual the need of psychiatric help neglected. We have become a pill popping society. The misuse of legal drugs has now become a bigger public health problem than the use of street drugs.Emergency room visits for overdose on prescription drugs is more frequent than for street drugs. Prescription drug mortality rate is 16 ,000 deaths a year which is more than heroine and cocaine death combined. Frances states our country is spending far too much on unnecessary and often tyrannically harmful health care and far too little on education. Referring back to ADD in children, a large sum of money is wasted on the expensive ADD drugs that would be better invested in smaller classroom sizes and more facilities for physical activity that allow hyper-active children to blow off steam and wear their hypnoses out a little.There should be a better way of understanding and handling normal difference in one's activity, we shouldn't be spending so much money on medical treatment and exposing children to stimulants which have serious long-term side effects. Psychiatric treatment can be very efficient and effective when practiced correctly within appropriate boundaries. Failing diagnoses can result in a lawsuit, but however there are no consequences for over-treatment and over-diagnosis. Diagnostic inflation leads to i ndividual harm and high costs, both economically and socially.Because multiple powerful forces are promoting diagnostic inflation, it will most likely be hard to change it but education is key. People should be educated on disease mongering and be more skeptical and not eagerly believe what experts say. We can learn from Hippocrates rules of thirds: 1/3 gets better on their own, 1/3 don't respond to treatment and 1/3 really benefit from it. Medical experts should make it their goal to be able to tell them about and those who can benefit should be the only one's treated.

Door Locking System With Using The Motion Sensor Essay

Door Locking System With Using The Motion Sensor - Essay Example Introduction It is indispensable that the evolution of the world has been accompanied with various technological developments to the extent that the world can longer do without them. There is always increasing need to make various changes to keep abreast with the demand of the society. As far as electronics is concerned, these developments are not disputable. The changing times have seen new materials discovered, and the application of such material to change the outlook of the environment has been enormous, needless to mention improved locking system of the door, safety and performance for sustainable development. One pivotal area that technology has found a lot of applicability is that pertaining to application revolving doors fitted with motion sensors. It is worth noting currently there are a number of door available as options to architects whenever they wish to design commercial, educational or public buildings. The doors range includes both manual, automatic and both manual an d automatic combined. One thing to content with is that the underlying needs are most likely the same for instance when considering ease of use, their effectiveness, or their safety for the user. Revolving doors first appeared in the market in a New York Restaurant way back in 1899 though it is said that the idea was conceived by the Philadelphia residents about ten years earlier. Today, revolving doors are quite relevant hence widely used. Basically, the revolving doors are made of a number of three to four panels often referred to as leaves or wings. These panels the rotate around a vertical shaft upon which they are attached. As often is the case, the entire revolving door structure is enclosed in the cylindrical structure with panels being spaced in a manner that during normal operation, the door can never open and hence has no clear passage right from the street to the building for bypassing the panel. Panels and the enclosure both incorporate glass for purposes of safety and f or reasons of aesthetic. In this regard, the glass provides an allowance for people to observe others through the door and the serve to regulate movements. Most of the revolving door automatic version consists of a powered central shaft, as well as sensors used for purposes of stopping and starting the door in potential unsafe situations. Generally, there is the presence of speed control characteristics, which makes the doors to be folded back in a way to create a clear space in the opening for purposes of emergency, and for moving objects that are large in and out of the building. The direction for revolving of the doors constricting the revolving door often differs with countries. For example, in the UK, the predominant movement of the revolving doors is said to be in the clockwise direction using a right hand side as an entry. In New Zealand and in Australia, this is in reverse. Since the 1940s fire that occurred in a night club, in which many lives were lost because of having on e revolving door as means of exit, revolving doors were made to be collapsible. In most case, therefore, hinged doors of an equivalent capacity are often placed next to a revolving door with the other door assisting in case of disabled access. The modern doors lock system, has been made to include an array of electronic components including sensors. This way, it is designed such that it can sense, decide and act accordingly (Arkalgud, 2005). In this regard, sensors, as used in this

Strengths Analysis and Future Development Strategies Assignment

Strengths Analysis and Future Development Strategies - Assignment Example They have to be developed through consistent training and experience. Skills are the difference from knowledge in that process involved in the transfer of knowledge lead to the development of skills. Talents are the abilities to execute observable behaviors that lead to distinguishable aspects (Buckingham and Clifton, 2001). They can also be reviewed in terms of competence held by various individuals that can be used to perform unique activities. The main differentiator between the three principles can be described in terms of whether the aspect was learned or attained from external sources. For example, one has to manipulate the present knowledge to gain proficient skills. Additionally, most talents are in build whereby individuals are born with them or learn about their abilities as they grow up. The observation of talents may depend on the situations that an individual has to perform. Its the attained skills may also help in the realization of talents. The accrued knowledge is about the comprehension of the company's activities and operations. It includes the use of attained data to execute activities that are advantageous to the firm. Skills include the handling of clients and technology present in a company with the aim of attaining the set objectives. They also include my professional attributes that lead to job efficiency and competency strategies. My talents consist of computing complex numbers for a short time and first typing skills. The two talents can be helpful to the firm's data entry or bookkeeping. It is one of the first aspects to locate using the inventory. Competition can be highlighted by performances in various activities (Buckingham and Clifton, 2001). It can be described is the rivalry feeling that drives an individual towards better results. The theme has helped me in my educational and workplace aspects. Competition is part of the driving forces of companies; hence the need to employ competent workers. Â  

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Contract Law - Essay Example Pre-incorporation contracts are those contracts which are entered by the founders of a company before its existence or before its incorporation. As the company is not in existence, the company cannot be sued or can initiate legal action, may not purchase or own assets in its own name before its incorporation. Thus, promoters will be acting as the agents of the company to be incorporated while entering into a pre-incorporation contract. However, there arises a question how one can make principal and agent’s relationship when the company itself is not in existence. Thus, despite the fact that the claim by a promoter is acting on behalf of the prospective company, the promoters and not the proposed company will be held personally accountable for all contracts entered into by them on behalf of the prospective company1. The legal status of the pre-incorporation contracts under English common law is that it is illegal and cannot be approved or ratified or adopted the advantages of the contract which has been entered into on its behalf before its incorporation. Any outsiders who enter into a pre-incorporation contract witness an aggregate negative impact under English common law as it is either enforceable in court or it can be ratified .Thus , outsiders have to witness a risky scenario where they enter into pre-incorporation contract with a company yet to be incorporated. In Kelner case, 2 it was held that the supplier of goods to a non-existence company could not sue it for the recovery of the outstanding for the supply of products as the company could not make a valid contract before its incorporation as it was not a legal person then. In Natal Land case3 , a pre-incorporation of contract was entered between the agents of the appellant namely Rycroft with one Mrs de Carrey where she was given a ri ght to demand for a lease of the coal -mining privileges on the plaintiff’s property. It was held by the court

Procedural Steps Involved in Bringing a Case to the Docket of the Supr Assignment

Procedural Steps Involved in Bringing a Case to the Docket of the Supreme Court - Assignment Example However, aside from the Clerk of the Supreme Court, who serves as a court clerk, there are also the law clerks of the justices. A law clerk assists the justice in making an opinion through research and the writing of recommendations. An example of a law clerk that is currently serving Supreme Court justice is David Morrell. He is a graduate of Yale and once worked as a clerk of Judge E. Jones of the 5th Circuit. The solicitor general represents that the interests of the federal government in the Supreme Court. The Constitutional authority for lawmaking is stated in the Article I, Section 1 of the US Constitution. This clearly states that it is the Congress of the United States that has the power to create laws. The Congress is composed of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both chambers have the power to initiate the legislative process, with individual representatives and senators having the right to push a bill. After it has been formulated, the House and Senate Committees which have jurisdiction over the bill’s nature would then study it before approving or disapproving it at their level. It is at the level of the US congressional committees that the markup of the bill is done. The markup of the bill is a process in which debates or deliberations carried out prior to the committees’ decision. After the concerned congressional committee has approved a bill, it goes to the next stage which is House body itself. However, this has to pass the House Rule s Committee, which has the responsibility determining how the bill is to be handled by Congress when it comes to schedules of sessions, framework, and boundaries of the deliberations. It is possible that there are two versions of the same bill coming from the House and the Senate respectively. If there are conflicting points between the two versions, a Conference Committee may be constituted. This is composed of senators and  house representatives who are proponents of the bill. Their objective is to make a final version of the bill.  Ã‚  

An analysis on understanding of successful knowledge management Research Proposal

An analysis on understanding of successful knowledge management techniques implemented within microfinancial institutes in India - Research Proposal Example In an organisational context, knowledge management refers to the activities concerned with capturing, processing and diffusion of knowledge for the purpose of decision making and forward planning by management. The present study examines how effective is the knowledge management in an organisation to foster innovation and enhance labour productivity within the organization. Organisations have no chance of success and growth without knowledge management in the modern information-driven economy. Today organisations are trying to become more and more innovative and competitive than their rivals in regard to their knowledge gathering and dissemination. Irrespective of the type, size and nature, organisations have acknowledged the fact that knowledge management enhances the possibilities of employee learning and productivity. It has been observed by experts that learning environment is vital in modern organisations to survive and success and knowledge management gives a platform for learning opportunities and innovative thinking. It has been proved by experts (Gibbons, 1994; Nonaka et al., 1995 and 2000; and Howells, 1996) that the very basis of innovation is knowledge sharing activities. An interactive and cooperative organisational environment is very conducive for knowledge transfer and sharing that foster employee learning and productivity (Gold et al., 2001). With this background, the present study attempts to evaluate how effective is the knowledge management system in micro-financial institutions to help in employee learning and increased productivity. Despite there are endless efforts to implement knowledge management across organisations of small as well as large among both public and private organisations, little effort has been made so far to introduce the same in the micro financial institutions in India.